Pterygium
A benign growth of tissue on the white of the eye that can extend onto the cornea, causing irritation and potentially affecting vision if left untreated.
Understanding Pterygium
A pterygium (plural: pterygia) is a triangular or wing-shaped growth of fleshy tissue on the conjunctiva—the clear membrane covering the white of the eye. It typically starts on the side nearest the nose and can gradually extend onto the cornea.
Pterygia are benign (non-cancerous) but can cause significant discomfort and cosmetic concern. They are strongly associated with ultraviolet light exposure, which is why they're sometimes called "surfer's eye" and are more common in people who spend significant time outdoors.
In early stages, a pterygium may cause no symptoms or only mild irritation. As it grows, it can cause persistent redness, a gritty sensation, and inflammation. If it extends far enough onto the cornea, it can distort vision by inducing astigmatism or even blocking the visual axis.
Small, stable pterygia may simply be monitored. If a pterygium is causing symptoms, growing, or threatening vision, surgical removal is recommended. Modern surgical techniques combined with anti-scarring measures significantly reduce the risk of recurrence.
Signs You May Notice
If you're experiencing any of these signs, a consultation can help determine the cause and appropriate treatment.
- Visible growth on the white of the eye
Fleshy, pinkish tissue, usually on the inner corner
- Redness and inflammation
The eye appears bloodshot, especially around the growth
- Gritty, foreign body sensation
Feels like something is in the eye
- Dryness and irritation
The growth disrupts the tear film
- Blurred or distorted vision
If the pterygium affects the cornea
Causes
- Chronic ultraviolet (UV) light exposure
- Dry, dusty, or windy environments
- Chronic eye irritation
Risk Factors
- Living in sunny, tropical, or equatorial climates
- Outdoor occupations or hobbies without eye protection
- Previous pterygium (can recur after removal)
- Male sex (slightly more common in men)
When to Seek Help
Consider booking a consultation if you notice any of the following:
- You notice a growth on your eye
- The growth is getting bigger
- You have persistent redness or irritation
- Your vision is becoming blurred or distorted
- The appearance is bothering you
Frequently Asked Questions
Pterygia are benign growths—they are not cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, they can affect vision if they grow over the cornea, which is why monitoring and timely treatment are important.
Modern surgical techniques have significantly reduced recurrence rates. Ms. Menassa uses conjunctival autograft surgery with anti-metabolite agents when appropriate, which reduces the recurrence rate to approximately 5% or less.
UV protection is key. Wear good quality sunglasses that block UVA and UVB rays whenever you're outdoors, use a wide-brimmed hat, and try to avoid prolonged exposure to dusty or windy environments. If you already have a pterygium, these measures may help slow its growth.
Concerned About Your Eyes?
Ms. Menassa provides thorough, unhurried consultations to assess your condition and discuss the best treatment options for your situation.
Specialist Expertise
As a fellowship-trained Cornea and Anterior Segment specialist, Ms. Menassa has particular expertise in conditions affecting the front of the eye. Her training in Heidelberg and Lucerne ensures you receive care informed by the latest international advances.
Take the First Step
Understanding your condition is the first step toward clear vision. Ms. Menassa is here to provide expert guidance, honest advice, and compassionate care.